How To Prepare For IAS | IAS Preparation Tips
It was in 1981 when I had my first encounters with UPSC through the aspirants (for IAS etc.) who sought my help to prepare for certain specific topics in GS and my parent discipline, i.e. Anthropology. Today, 13 years later, through regular interaction with the [...]

Historical Background
Indianisation of the superior Civil Services became one of the major demands of the political movement compelling the British Indian Government to consider setting up of a Public Service Commission for recruitment to its services in the territory. The first Public Service Commission was set up on October 1st, 1926. However, its limited advisory [...]

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.

Section-A

a) Origin of Punjabi language : different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi language : characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones: classification of vowels and consonants.
b) Punjabi morphology : the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of [...]

Management – Optional

Paper-I

The candidate should make a study of the concept and development of management as science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management and apply the concepts to the real life of government and business decision making keeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment.

Section-A

I. Managerial Function [...]

Urdu – Optional

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Urdu.

Section-A

Development of Urdu Language
a) Development of Indo-Aryan
(i) Old Indo-Aryan (ii) Middle Indo Aryan (iii) New Indo Aryan
b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi Kannauji, Bundeli-Theories about the origin of Urdu Language
c) Dakhani Urdu-Origin and development, its significant linguistic features.
d) Social and Cultural roots [...]

Telugu – Optional

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Telugu.

Section-A

Language
1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.
2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and [...]

Tamil – Optional

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Tamil.

Section: A

Part: 1

History of Tamil Language
Major Indian Language Families-The place of Tamil among Indian languages in general and Dravidian in particular-Enumeration and Distributionof Dravidian languages.
The language of Sangam literature-The language of medieval Tamil: Pallava period only-Historicalstudy of Nouns, Verbs, adjectives, adverbs Tense markers and case markers in [...]

Sindhi – Optional

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Sindhi (Arabic or Devanagari script).

Section-A

1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language-views of different scholars.
(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.
(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.
(d) Sindhi vocabularly-stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition [...]

Paper-I

There will be three questions as indicated in the question paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. The remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section-A

1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) [...]

Russian – Optional

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Russian except in the case of question regarding translation from Russian to English.
(Language and Culture)

Section-A

i. Modern Russian Language :
Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexicology, Lexicography and Semantics, linguistics
ii. Translation from Russian into English and vice-versa.

Section-B

i. Socio-political and economical development of the Russian Federation : Patriotic war of 1812, October Revolution, [...]